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dc.contributor.authorOnen, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorAkemkwene, Robin
dc.contributor.authorNakiguli, Caroline K.
dc.contributor.authorNimusiima, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorRuma, Daniel Hendry
dc.contributor.authorKhanakwa, Alice V.
dc.contributor.authorAngiro, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorBamanya, Gadson
dc.contributor.authorOpio, Boniface
dc.contributor.authorGonzaga, Allan
dc.contributor.authorOmara, Timothy
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-30T09:33:46Z
dc.date.available2023-10-30T09:33:46Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifier.citationOnen, P., Akemkwene, R., Nakiguli, C. K., Nimusiima, D., Ruma, D. H., Khanakwa, A. V., ... & Omara, T. (2023). Health Risks from Intake and Contact with Toxic Metal-Contaminated Water from Pager River, Uganda. Journal of Xenobiotics, 13(4), 544-559.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir.must.ac.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/3220
dc.description.abstractPollution of water resources is one of the major impediments to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical quality and potentially toxic element (lead and cadmium) concentrations in surface water sampled from Pager River, a tributary of the Nile River in Northern Uganda. Water samples (n = 18) were taken from six different points upstream (A, B, and C) and downstream (D, E, and F) of the river and analyzed following standard methods for their physiochemical properties. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify lead and cadmium concentrations. Human health risks from ingestion and dermal contact with potentially toxic metal-contaminated water were calculated. The results obtained indicated that the mean temperature (27.7 _ 0.5–29.5 _ 0.8 _C), turbidity (40.7 _ 2.1–50.1 _ 1.1 NTU), lead (0.296 _ 0.030–0.576 _ 0.163 mg/L) and cadmium (0.278 _ 0.040–0.524 _ 0.040 mg/L) occurred at levels that surpassed their permissible limits as per World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water. Human health risk assessment showed that there are potential non-cancer risks from the ingestion of water from Pager River by adults, as the total hazard quotients were greater than one. These results emphasize the urgency to restrict the dumping of wastes into the river to minimize chances of impacting the Nile River, which flows northwards to the Mediterranean Sea. Further studies should perform routine monitoring of the river during both dry and wet seasons to establish the spatiotemporal variations of physicochemical, microbial, and trace metal profiles of the river and the associated health risks.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Xenobioticsen_US
dc.subjectAverage daily doseen_US
dc.subjectCancer risken_US
dc.subjectEstimated daily intakeen_US
dc.subjectTarget hazard quotienten_US
dc.subjectToxic metalsen_US
dc.titleHealth Risks from Intake and Contact with Toxic Metal-ContaminatedWater from Pager River, Ugandaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US


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