Department of Internal Medicine: Recent submissions
Now showing items 181-200 of 258
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Early Fungicidal Activity as a Surrogate Endpoint for Cryptococcal Meningitis Survival in Clinical Trials
(Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020)Background: In cryptococcal meningitis phase 2 clinical trials, early fungicidal activity (EFA) of Cryptococcus clearance from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used as a surrogate endpoint for all-cause mortality. The Food and ... -
Can improved diagnostics reduce mortality from Tuberculous meningitis? Findings from a 6.5-year cohort in Uganda [version 1; referees: awaiting peer review]
(Wellcome Open Research, 2018-05-29)Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the second most common cause of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa and is notoriously difficult to diagnose. We describe the impact of improved TBM diagnostics over 6.5 years at ... -
Blood neutrophil counts in HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis: Association with mortality
(PLoS ONE, 2018)Background: The mortality from cryptococcal meningitis remains high, despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and amphotericin-based fungal regimens. The role of neutrophils in cryptococcosis is controversial. ... -
Impact of DNA Extraction Method on Variation in Human and Built Environment Microbial Community and Functional Profiles Assessed by Shotgun Metagenomics Sequencing
(Frontiers in microbiology, 2020)Both the host microbiome and the microbiome of the built environment can have profound impacts on human health. While prior studies have suggested that the variability introduced by DNA extraction method is less than typical ... -
Tuberculosis in HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis is Associated with an Increased Risk of Death
(Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020)Tuberculosis (TB) and cryptococcal meningitis are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in advanced HIV disease. Data are limited on TB co-infection among individuals with cryptococcal meningitis. We performed a ... -
Impact of biological sex on cryptococcal meningitis mortality in Uganda and South Africa
(Medical Mycology, 2021)The role of biological sex on clinical outcomes and the pathogenesis of AIDS-related opportunistic infections is unknown. We assessed baseline biomarkers and outcomes between 577 men and 400 women in HIV-related cryptococcal ... -
Dietary Heterocyclic Amine Intake and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Rural Uganda
(International journal of cancer and clinical research, 2021)Dietary exposure to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in cooked meats maybe responsible for the high burden of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in southwestern Uganda. We conducted a pilot ... -
Focused, Abbreviated Training in the Performance and Interpretation of Transthoracic Echocardiography Shows Promise in Rural Uganda
(Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016)Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is increasingly available in resource-limited settings but formal TTE training is limited by cost and lack of sub-specialists. We sought to compare the TTE interpretations ... -
Importance of Genetic Studies of Cardiometabolic Disease in Diverse Populations
(Circulation research, 2020)Genome-wide association studies have revolutionized our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of cardiometabolic disease. Yet, the inadequate representation of individuals of diverse ancestral backgrounds in these ... -
Integrating care for non-communicable diseases into routine HIV services: key considerations for policy design in sub-Saharan Africa
(Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2020)Introduction: There is great interest for integrating care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) into routine HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to the steady rise of the number of people who are ageing with HIV. ... -
Treated HIV Infection and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rural Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
(Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021)BACKGROUND: Although ≈70% of the world’s population of people living with HIV reside in sub-Saharan Africa, there are minimal prospective data on the contributions of HIV infection to atherosclerosis in the region. METHODS ... -
Willingness and ability to pay for healthcare insurance: A cross-sectional study of Seven Communities in East and West Africa (SevenCEWA)
(PLOS Global Public Health, 2021)Willingness and ability to pay for insurance that would cover primary healthcare services has not been evaluated consistently in different African communities. We conducted a cross-sectional community health survey and ... -
Learning from People with HIV: Their Insights are Critical to Our Response to the Intersecting COVID‑19 and HIV Pandemics in Africa
(AIDS and Behavior, 2020)Nearly 70% of the global population of people with HIV (PWH) live in sub-Saharan Africa, in countries that are likely to be severely impacted by the rising third wave of COVID-19. The first case of COVID-19 in Sub Saharan ... -
Cost-effectiveness analysis of integrating screening and treatment of selected non-communicable diseases into HIV/AIDS treatment in Uganda
(Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2020)Introduction: Despite growing enthusiasm for integrating treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and treatment services in sub-Saharan Africa, there is little evidence on ... -
Association of Gut Intestinal Integrity and Inflammation with Insulin Resistance in Adults Living with HIV in Uganda
(AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 2019)We conducted a cross-sectional study of 148 HIV+ on HIV antiretroviral therapy and 149 HIV- adults in Mbarara, Uganda, to estimate the association between HIV infection and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ... -
Access to and Quality of Primary Healthcare: a Multi-Country Qualitative Case Study in West and East Africa
(Research square, 2020)Background: Universal health coverage is one of the Sustainable Development Goal targets known to improve population health and reduce financial burden. There is little qualitative data on access to and quality of primary ... -
A General Report of the Prevalence and Correlates of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Southwestern Uganda
(Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2013)Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly recognized as a public health priority in developing countries, with the greatest regional increase in NCD deaths over the next decade predicted in ... -
Inflammatory biomarkers prior to antiretroviral therapy as prognostic markers of 12-month mortality in South Africa and Uganda
(AIDS, 2019)Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the utility of biomarkers of immune activation, systemic inflammation and coagulopathy prior to antiretroviral therapy to predict mortality during the first year of ... -
Variation in HIV-1 Nef function within and among viral subtypes reveals genetically separable antagonism of SERINC3 and SERINC5
(PLoS pathogens, 2020)HIV Nef counteracts cellular host restriction factors SERINC3 and SERINC5, but our understanding of how naturally occurring global Nef sequence diversity impacts these activities is limited. Here, we quantify SERINC3 and ... -
Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy and Systemic Inflammation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results From the META Longitudinal Cohort Study
(The Journal of infectious diseases, 2019)Chronic inflammation predicts complications in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. We compared D-dimer, soluble CD14, and interleukin 6 levels before and 12 months after antiretroviral therapy (ART) ...
