Alcohol Exposure Among Pregnant Women in sub-Saharan Africa- a Systematic Review

Abstract

The prevalence of general alcohol use in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is high.However, research examining alcohol use in among pregnant women within this population is limited. A review of the current status of research examining the prevalence of alcohol exposed pregnancies (AEP)is required to inform future research aiming to decrease this occurrence and its subsequent socio-economic complications.The primary objective was to identify all published paper sestimating prevalence and risk-factors of alcohol use among pregnant women in SSA. A secondary objective was to determine changes in alcohol use following pregnancy recognition.PubMed/Medline, Embase, IPA, CINAHL were systematically searched using MeSH terms and keywords from inceptiondate to March 2013. Studies from SSAreporting prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women were included. ResultsTwelve studies were identified.Studies varied significantly according to design and study population. Prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy ranged from 2.2%-87%. The most important risk-factors for alcohol use included tobacco use, partner violence, urban living,and having a malepartner who drank alcohol. Only three studies examined changes in alcohol use priortoand following pregnancy recognition with absolute reductions of between 9% and 15%. Although the burden of alcohol use during pregnancy is likely a significant problem, limiteddata currently exist for the majority of SSA countries. Furthermore,significant variation likely existswithin various populations. Further research is required to explore alcohol use in pregnancy. Strategies to decrease AEP must be developed and implemented instandard pre-natal care.