Chromatographic, Mass and Cytotoxicity analysis of Isolates from Eichhornia crassipes’ Roots and Leaves against HepG2 and MCF7 cell lines

Abstract

Cancers remain one of the leading causes of death in the world. However, known conventional cancer medicines remain scarce, expensive and out of reach to many patients. To provide an alternative for the expensive therapies, plants are proving to have potential to lead to the development of more drugs against cancers. In this work, we aimed at isolating possible pure compounds from Eichhornia crassipes roots and leaves, examining their prospects to be developed into oral drugs by looking at their chemical properties and also exploring their cytotoxic activities. A total of 12 isolates (A-L) were obtained and examination of their UV and mass profiles on LCMS and cytotoxicity on human cell lines. Compound C was the most active against MCF-7 cell lines (3.08 ± 0.06 μg/ml) and (3.92 ± 0.06 μg/ml) against HepG2. The standard drug, doxorubicin, had an IC50 value of 0.29 ± 0.05 μg/ ml against MCF-7 and 0.33 ± 0.04 μg/ml against HepG2 cell lines. UV results from the LCMS chromatograms showed that some active isolates do not possess the chemistry suitable to be developed into oral drugs as they are while others that are not as potent possess very good drug-like chemistry. We therefore conclude that there is need for drug developers to consider chemical properties and medicinal chemistry prospects of active isolates/compounds through rational optimization in plant-based drug discovery. Eichhornia crassipes should be considered as a cheap source of potential drug hits against cancers.