Department of Internal Medicine: Recent submissions
Now showing items 121-140 of 258
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Real-time Adherence Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Adults and Children in Rural Uganda
(AIDS, 2013-08)A real-time wireless electronic adherence monitor(EAM) and weekly self-report of missed doses via interactive voice response (IVR) and short message service (SMS) queries were used to measure ART adherence in 49 adults and ... -
Prevalence and Virologic Consequences of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Uganda
(AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2014)Few reports have examined the impact of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in resource-limited settings where there are fewer regimen choices and limited pretherapy/posttherapy resistance testing. In this study, we ... -
Prevalence and Clinical Impacts of HIV-1 Intersubtype Recombinants in Uganda Revealed by Near-Full-Genome Population and Deep Sequencing Approaches
(Lee, G. Q., Bangsberg, D. R., Mo, T., Lachowski, C., Brumme, C. J., Zhang, W., ... & Harrigan, P. R. (2017). Prevalence and clinical impacts of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in Uganda revealed by near-full-genome population and deep sequencing approaches. AIDS (London, England), 31(17), 2345., 2017)Objectives: To estimate prevalence, examine time trends, and test for clinical correlates and outcomes associated with HIV-1 intersubtype recombination under a full-genome sequencing context in a rural community in Mbarara, ... -
Pre-treatment integrase inhibitor resistance is uncommon in ART-naïve individuals with HIV-1 subtype A1 and D infections in Uganda
(AIDS, 2020)Objective: Dolutegravir (DTG) is now a preferred component of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, prevalence data on natural resistance to integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) in circulating non-subtype B HIV-1 in ... -
Positive Deviance for Dual-Method Promotion among Women in Uganda: A Qualitative Study
(International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020-07-12)Dual-method use is the most reliable form of protection against unintended pregnancies and human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STIs). Although dual-method use remains uncommon among women in ... -
Upper gastrointestinal diseases in patients for endoscopy in South-Western Uganda
(African Health Sciences, 2015)Background: There is a paucity of published data regarding upper gastrointestinal diseases in Ugandans with upper gastrointestinal symptoms referred for endoscopy. Objectives: To study the presenting complaints, pathology ... -
Treatment as long-term prevention: Sustained reduction in HIV sexual transmission risk with use of antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda
(AIDS, 2014-01)Objectives: Suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART) substantially decreases HIV transmission in clinical research settings. We sought to measure the frequency and correlates of periods of transmission risk among individuals ... -
Tobacco use among adults initiating treatment for HIV infection in rural Uganda
(AIDS and Behavior, 2014)We conducted a longitudinal study of tobacco use among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Mbarara, Uganda where 11% of men and 3% of women use tobacco according to the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey. In ... -
The Mouse Inhalation Model of Cryptococcus neoformans Infection Recapitulates Strain Virulence in Humans and Shows that Closely Related Strains Can Possess Differential Virulence
(Infection and Immunity, 2019)Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes high rates of HIV-related mortality, yet the Cryptococcus factors influencing patient outcome are not well understood. Pathogen-specific traits, such as the strain genotype and degree ... -
Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing to Facilitate Implementation of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for People Living with HIV
(Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 2014)Background—Symptom-based tuberculosis screening identifies less than one-third of eligible HIV-infected patients as candidates for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). We evaluated whether testing for C-reactive protein ... -
Increasing Prevalence of HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance in Women But Not Men in Rural Uganda During 2005–2013
(AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 2018)The prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) is increasing in sub-SaharanAfrica.We sought to describe correlates of PDR and evaluate effects of PDR on clinical outcomes in rural Uganda. We analyzed data from ... -
Human Immune Response Varies by the Degree of Relative Cryptococcal Antigen Shedding
(Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2016)Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan antigen (CrAg) titers generally correlate with quantitative fungal culture burden; however, correlation is not precise. Some patients have higher CrAg ... -
HIV-infected women on antiretroviral treatment in Uganda have increased mortality during pregnant and postpartum periods
(AIDS, 2013)Objective: To assess the impact of pregnancy on mortality among HIV-infected Ugandan women initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: HIV-infected women initiating ART in the ... -
Higher baseline CD4 cell count predicts treatment interruptions and persistent viremia in patients initiating ARVs in rural Uganda
(Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 2013)We examined the association between CD4 cell count and adherence in a cohort of Ugandans initiating ARVs. Outcomes were: a) adherence<90%; b) any treatment interruptions>72 hours; c) number of treatment interruptions; and ... -
Higher ART Adherence is Associated with Lower Systemic Inflammation in Treatment-naïve Ugandans who Achieve Virologic Suppression
(Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 2018)Background: Residual systemic inflammation persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is associated with non-AIDS clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between ART adherence and ... -
High-Dose Oral and Intravenous Rifampicin for the Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis in Predominantly Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Ugandan Adults: A Phase II Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
(Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021)Background: High-dose rifampicin may improve outcomes of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Little safety or pharmacokinetic (PK) data exist on high-dose rifampicin in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, and no ... -
High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among People with HIV on Stable ART in Southwestern Uganda
(AIDS patient care and STDs, 2016)The objectives of this study were to determine the epidemiology and correlates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Ugandans on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted a cross-sectional study at an HIV ... -
Optimizing Network Connectivity for Mobile Health Technologies in sub-Saharan Africa
(PLoS ONE, 2012)Background: Mobile health (mHealth) technologies hold incredible promise to improve healthcare delivery in resource limited settings. Network reliability across large catchment areas can be a major challenge. We performed ... -
Non-R5-tropic HIV-1 in Subtype A1 and D Infections Were Associated with Lower Pre-therapy CD4 Count But Not with PI/(N)NRTI Therapy Outcomes in Mbarara, Uganda
(AIDS, 2016)Background: Previous studies suggest that infection with non-R5-tropic subtype B HIV-1, compared to R5, is associated with a more rapid decline in CD4 count, but does not affect PI/(N)NRTI therapy outcome. Here, we explored ... -
No Association Found Between Traditional Healer Use and Delayed Antiretroviral Initiation in Rural Uganda
(AIDS and Behavior, 2013)Traditional healer and/or spiritual counselor (TH/SC) use has been associated with delays in HIV testing. We examined HIV-infected individuals in southwestern Uganda to test the hypothesis that TH/SC use was also associated ...
