Dyslipidemia: prevalence and association with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix; a pilot stud

Abstract

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is on the rise, with studies showing dyslipidemia as a contributing factor to the progression of premalignant lesions to cervical cancer. In Uganda, cervical cancer and dyslipidemia are common health concerns, considering the increasing trends of dyslipidemia in the general population and inadequate information regarding dyslipidemia and cervical lesions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix among women attending a cervical cancer clinic at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022 among women with premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Data on social demographics and health-seeking behaviours were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire after written informed consent had been obtained. Pap smear collection preceded visual inspection with acetic acid; cervical biopsies were collected appropriately from eligible participants; and cervical lesions were classified using the Bethesda system 2014. Serum lipids, total cholesterol (T.C.), high-density lipoprotein (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein (LDLc), and triglycerides (T.G.s) were analysed using the COBAS™ 6000 Clinical Chemistry Analyser. The associations were assessed using the chi-square test, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia among women with cervical lesions was 118/159 (74%), and low HDLc was the most prevalent at 64.6% (95% CI 39.0–54.3). High T.C. (P = 0.05), high T.G.s (P = 0.011), and low HDL-c (P = 0.05) showed a significant association with precancerous lesions. High LDL-c (P = 0.019), high T.G.s (P = 0.02), and high T.G.s (P < 0.001) showed a statistically significant association with cancerous lesions. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high, with high TC, T.G.s, and low HDL-c significantly associated with precancerous lesions. Also, elevated T.G.s and high LDLc were significantly associated with cancerous lesions. Women may benefit from dyslipidemia screening along with cervical cancer screening. What this study adds The present study builds upon previous findings suggesting a link between dyslipidemia and cervical lesions by investigating the relationship between these two factors, specifically in women of this geographical location, where we need adequate information on these associations.