HIV, Social Networks, and Loneliness among Older Adults in Uganda
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Date
2024Author
Quach, Lien T.
Ritchie, Christine S.
Reynolds, Zahra
Paul, Robert
Seeley, Janet
Tong, Yao
Hoeppner, Susanne
Okello, Samson
Nakasujja, Noeline
Olivieri-Mui, Brianne
Saylor, Deanna
Greene, Meredith
Asiimwe, Stephen
Tindimwebwa, Edna
Atwiine, Flavia
Sentongo, Ruth
Siedner, Mark J.
Tsai, Alexander C.
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Loneliness among older adults has been identified as a major public health problem. Yet little is known about loneliness, or the potential role of social networks in explaining loneliness, among older people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa, where 70% of PWH reside. To explore this issue, we analyzed data from 599 participants enrolled in the Quality of Life and Ageing with HIV in Rural Uganda study, including older adults with HIV in ambulatory care and a comparator group of people without HIV of similar age and gender. The 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness, and HIV status was the primary explanatory variable. The study found no statistically significant correlation between loneliness and HIV status. However, individuals with HIV had smaller households, less physical and financial support, and were less socially integrated compared to those without HIV. In multivariable logistic regressions, loneliness was more likely among individuals who lived alone (aOR:3.38, 95% CI:1.47–7.76) and less likely among those who were married (aOR:0.34, 95% CI:0.22–0.53) and had a higher level of social integration (aOR:0.86, 95% CI: 0.79–0.92). Despite having smaller social networks and less support, older adults with HIV had similar levels of loneliness as those without HIV, which may be attributed to resiliency and access to HIV-related health services among individuals with HIV. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to better understand the mechanisms involved.
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