Prevalence and correlates of MRSA and MSSA nasal carriage at a Ugandan regional referral hospital
Date
2016Author
Bebell, Lisa M.
Ayebare, Arnold
Boum, Yap
Siedner, Mark J.
Bazira, Joel
Schiff, Steven J.
Metlay, Joshua P.
Bangsberg, David R.
Ttendo, Stephen
Firth, Paul G.
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Background: Despite increasing antimicrobial resistance globally, data are lacking on prevalence and factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA carriage in resource-limited settings.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of SA and MRSA nasal carriage and factors associated with carriage among Ugandan regional referral hospital patients.
Methods: We enrolled a cross-section of 500 adults, sampling anterior nares for SA and MRSA carriage using Cepheid Xpert SA Nasal Complete.
Results: Mean age was 37 years; 321 (64%) were female and 166 (33%) were HIV infected. Overall, 316 (63%) reported risk factors for invasive SA infection; 368 (74%) reported current antibiotic use. SA was detected in 29% and MRSA in 2.8%. MRSA and MSSA carriers were less likely than SA non-carriers to be female (50% and 56% ver sus 68%, P ¼ 0.03) or to have recently used b-lactam antibiotics (43% and 65% versus 73%, P ¼ 0.01). MRSA carriers were more likely to have open wounds than MSSA carriers and SA non-carriers (71% versus 27% and 40%,
P ¼ 0.001) and contact with pigs (21% versus 2% and 6%, P ¼ 0.008). MRSA carriage ranged from 0% of HIV clinic participants to 8% of inpatient surgical ward participants (P ¼ 0.01). In multi variable logistic regression analysis, male sex was independently associated with SA carriage (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.12–2.53, P ¼ 0.01) and recent b-lac tam antibiotic use was associated with reduced odds of SA carriage (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.97, P ¼ 0.04).
Conclusions: MRSA nasal carriage prevalence was low and associated with pig contact, open wounds and surgical ward admission, but not with HIV infection
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